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121Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy — (EDS, EDX or EDXRF) is an analytical technique used for the elemental analysis or chemical characterization of a sample. As a type of spectroscopy, it relies on the investigation of a sample through interactions between electromagnetic radiation… …
122Transition radiation — Optical Transition radiation is produced by relativistic charged particles when they cross the interface of two media of different dielectric constants. The emitted radiation is the homogeneous difference between the two inhomogeneous solutions… …
123Criticality accident — …
124Fluorescence microscope — An upright fluorescence microscope (Olympus BX61) with the fluorescent filter cube turret above the objective lenses, coupled with a digital camera. A fluorescence microscope is an optical microscope used to study properties of organic or… …
125Fossil fuel power plant — A fossil fuel power plant burns fossil fuels such as coal, natural gas or petroleum (oil) to produce electricity.Fossil fuel power plants are designed on a large scale for continuous operation. In many countries, such plants provide most of the… …
126Inverse photoemission spectroscopy — (IPES) is a surface science technique used to study the unoccupied electronic structure of surfaces, thin films and adsorbates. A well collimated beam of electrons of a well defined energy (< 20 eV) is directed at the sample. These electrons… …
127Atomic emission spectrum — The atomic emission spectrum of an element is the set of frequencies of the electromagnetic waves emitted by atoms of that element. Each atom s atomic emission spectrum is unique and can be used to determine if that element is part of an unknown… …
128Quantum cascade laser — Quantum cascade lasers (QCLs) are semiconductor lasers that emit in the mid to far infrared portion of the electromagnetic spectrum and were first demonstrated by Jerome Faist, Federico Capasso, Deborah Sivco, Carlo Sirtori, Albert Hutchinson,… …
